外2017经颅直流电刺激在儿童和儿科的应用。

Rev. Neurosci. 2016; aop Guadalupe Nathzidy Rivera-Urbina a, *, Michael A. Nitsche, Carmelo M. Vicario and Andrés Molero-Chamizo a Applications of transcranial direct current stimulation in children and pediatrics DOI 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0045 Received July 24, 2016; accepted October 14, 2016 Abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory noninvasive brain stimulation tool with potential to increase or reduce regional and remote cortical excitability. Numerous studies have shown the ability of this technique to induce neuroplasticity and to modulate cognition and behavior in adults. Clinical stud- ies have also demonstrated the ability of tDCS to induce therapeutic effects in several central nervous system dis- orders. However, knowledge about its ability to modulate brain functions in children or induce clinical improve- ments in pediatrics is limited. The objective of this review is to describe relevant data of some recent studies that may help to understand the potential of this technique in children with specific regard to effective and safe treat- ment of different developmental disorders in pediatrics. Overall, the results show that standard protocols of tDCS are well tolerated by children and have promising clini- cal effects. Nevertheless, treatment effects seem to be partially heterogeneous, and a case of a seizure in a child with previous history of infantile spasms and diagnosed epilepsy treated with tDCS for spasticity was reported. Further research is needed to determine safety criteria for tDCS use in children and to elucidate the particular neuro- physiological changes induced by this neuromodulatory technique when it is applied in the developing brain. Keywords: children; clinic; pediatrics; transcranial direct current stimulation. Introduction In recent years, different studies have demonstrated the potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate regional and remote cort