外2020 TMS和tDCS等用于儿童的安全性

Safety and tolerability of transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in children: Prospective single center evidence from 3.5 million stimulations E. Zewdie a,b,c,d,e,* , P. Ciechanski a,d,e , H.C. Kuo a,b,c,d,e , A. Giuffre a,b,c,d,e , C. Kahl b,c,d,e , R. King b,c,d,e , L. Cole a,b,c,d,e , H. Godfrey b,c,d,e , T. Seeger a,e , R. Swansburg b,c,d,e , O. Damji a,d,e , T. Rajapakse b,c,d,e , J. Hodge a,e , S. Nelson e , B. Selby e , L. Gan e , Z. Jadavji a,e , J.R. Larson a,e , F. MacMaster b,c,d,e , J.F. Yang f , K. Barlow b,c,d,e , M. Gorassini g , K. Brunton c , A. Kirton a,b,c,d,e a Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada b Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada c Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada d Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada e Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada f Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada g Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada article info Article history: Received 7 August 2019 Received in revised form 20 November 2019 Accepted 23 December 2019 Available online 30 December 2019 Keywords: TMS tDCS Children HD-tDCS Safety Tolerability abstract Background:Non-invasive brain stimulation is being increasingly used to interrogate neurophysiology and modulate brain function. Despite the high scientific and therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation, experience in the developing brain has been limited. Objective:To determine the safety and tolerability of non-invasive neurostimulation in children across diverse modalities of stimulation and pediatric populations. Methods:A non-invasive brain stimulation program was established in 2008 at our pediatric, academic institution. Multi-disciplinar